NguAndy osuka kumzi-mveliso waseBaiyear
Ihlaziywe ngoNovemba 2, 2022
Nali iziko leendaba loshishino lokubumba inaliti ye-Baiyear.Okulandelayo, i-Baiyear iya kwahlula inkqubo yokubumba inaliti ibe ngamanqaku amaninzi ukwazisa uhlalutyo lwezinto ezikrwada zenkqubo yokubumba inaliti, kuba kukho umxholo omninzi kakhulu.Elilandelayo linqaku lesine.
(8).I-PP (ipolypropylene)
1. Ukusebenza kwePP
I-PP yi-crystalline ipholima ephezulu.Phakathi kweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-PP iyona nto ilula, kunye nobuninzi be-0.91g / cm3 kuphela (incinci kunamanzi).Phakathi kweeplastiki zenjongo ngokubanzi, i-PP inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ubushushu bayo bokuphazamisa ubushushu yi-80-100 ℃, kwaye inokubiliswa emanzini abilayo.I-PP inokumelana noxinzelelo oluhle lokuqhekeka kunye nobomi obuphezulu bokudinwa, obubizwa ngokuba yi "glue egoqayo".
Ukusebenza okubanzi kwePP kungcono kunomathiriyeli wePE.Iimveliso zePP zinobunzima obulula, ukuqina okulungileyo kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali okulungileyo.Ukungalungi kwePP: ukuchaneka komgangatho ophantsi, ukungonelanga kokuqina, ukuchasana kwemozulu embi, kulula ukuvelisa "umonakalo wobhedu", unomsebenzi we-post-shrinkage, kwaye emva kokudiliza, kulula ukuguga, ube yi-brittle, kwaye kulula ukuguqula.I-PP ibiyeyona nto iphambili yokwenza iintsinga ngenxa yobuchule bayo bokufaka imibala, i-abrasion kunye neempawu zokuxhathisa iikhemikhali, kunye neemeko zoqoqosho ezivumayo.
I-PP yimathiriyeli ye-semi-crystalline.Kunzima kwaye kunendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kune-PE.Ekubeni i-homopolymer PP i-brittle kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-0 ° C, izixhobo ezininzi ze-PP zorhwebo zi-copolymers random kunye ne-1 ukuya kwi-4% ye-ethylene eyongeziweyo okanye i-pincer copolymers enomxholo ophezulu we-ethylene.Izinto zePP ze-copolymer zineqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lokuphazamiseka kwe-thermal (100 ° C), ukukhanya okuphantsi, i-gloss ephantsi, ukuqina okuphantsi, kodwa kunamandla amakhulu empembelelo.Amandla e-PP ayanda ngokunyusa umxholo we-ethylene.
Iqondo lokushisa lokuthambisa iVicat lePP yi-150°C.Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity, le nto inobunzima obuhle bomgangatho kunye neempawu zokumelana nokuqala.
I-PP ayinayo ingxaki yokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwendalo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-PP iguqulwa ngokongeza iifayili zeglasi, izongezo zetsimbi okanye irubha ye-thermoplastic.Izinga lokuhamba kwe-MFR ye-PP ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-40. Izinto ze-PP ezine-MFR eziphantsi zinokuchasana kwempembelelo engcono kodwa i-ductility ephantsi.Kwizinto ezifanayo ze-MFR, amandla ohlobo lwe-copolymer aphezulu kunohlobo lwe-homopolymer.
Ngenxa yecrystallization, izinga lokucutheka kwePP liphezulu kakhulu, ngokubanzi 1.8 ~ 2.5%.Kwaye ukufana kwesalathiso se-shrinkage kungcono kakhulu kunezinto ezifana ne-HDPE.Ukongeza i-30% ye-glass additive inokunciphisa i-shrinkage kwi-0.7%.
Zombini izixhobo ze-homopolymer kunye ne-copolymer PP zinokuxhathisa ukufuma okugqwesileyo, i-asidi kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-alkali, kunye nokumelana nokunyibilika.Nangona kunjalo, ayixhathisi kwi-aromatic hydrocarbon (efana ne-benzene) izinyibilikisi, izinyibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon (i-carbon tetrachloride) ene-chlorine (i-carbon tetrachloride) izinyibilikisi, njl. I-PP nayo ayixhathisi kwi-oxidation kumaqondo aphezulu njenge-PE.
2. Iimpawu zenkqubo yePP
I-PP ine-fluidity elungileyo kubushushu obunyibilikayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubumba.I-PP ineempawu ezimbini ekuqhubekeni kwayo:
Enye: I-viscosity ye-PP inyibilika iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka kwezinga lokucheba (akuchatshazelwa kancinci ngubushushu);
Okwesibini: iqondo le-molecular orientation liphezulu kwaye izinga lokunciphisa likhulu.Ubushushu bokusebenza kwePP yi-220 ~ 275 ℃.Kungcono ukuba ungagqithi kwi-275 ℃.Inozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal (iqondo lokushisa lokubola liyi-310 ℃), kodwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (270-300 ℃), liya kuhlala ixesha elide kwi-barrel.Kukho ithuba lokuthotywa kwesidima.Kuba i-viscosity ye-PP iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka kwesantya sokucheba, ukonyusa uxinzelelo lwenaliti kunye nesantya senaliti kuya kuphucula ubumanzi kwaye kuphucule ukucutheka kwe-deformation kunye nokudakumba.Iqondo lobushushu lokungunda (40~80℃), 50℃ liyacetyiswa.
Iqondo le-crystallization lichongwa ngokuyinhloko ngubushushu be-mold, ekufuneka ilawulwe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-30-50 ° C.I-PP iyanyibilika inokudlula kwisithuba esimxinwa kakhulu sokufa kwaye ibonakale irholiwe.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunyibilika kwePP, kufuneka ithathe ubushushu obukhulu bokudibanisa (ubushushu obukhethekileyo obukhulu), kwaye umkhiqizo ushushu emva kokukhutshwa kwi-mold.
Izinto zePP azidingeki zomiswe ngexesha lokucubungula, kwaye i-shrinkage kunye ne-crystallinity ye-PP iphantsi kunezo ze-PE.Isantya sokutofa Ngokuqhelekileyo inaliti yesantya esiphezulu ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.Ukuba kukho iziphene kumphezulu wemveliso, kufuneka kusetyenziswe inaliti yesantya esisezantsi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.Uxinzelelo lokutofa: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1800bar.
Iimbaleki kunye namasango: Kubabaleki ababandayo, iidayamitha zembaleki eziqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-7mm.Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-sprues kunye nabagijimi abanemizimba ejikelezayo.Zonke iintlobo zamasango zingasetyenziswa.Iidayamitha zesango eziqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1.5mm, kodwa amasango amancinci njenge-0.7mm nawo anokusetyenziswa.Kumasango asemacaleni, ubunzulu besango elincinci kufuneka libe sisiqingatha sodonga;ubuncinane besango ububanzi kufuneka ubuncinane kabini ubukhulu bodonga, kunye nezixhobo zePP zingasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yembaleki eshushu.
I-PP ibiyeyona nto iphambili yokwenza iintsinga ngenxa yobuchule bayo bokufaka imibala, i-abrasion kunye neempawu zokuxhathisa iikhemikhali, kunye neemeko zoqoqosho ezivumayo.
3. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwesicelo:
Umzi-mveliso weemoto (ikakhulu usebenzisa iPP enezongezo zentsimbi: iifenders, imibhobho yokungenisa umoya, iifeni, njl. njl.), izixhobo zombane (i-dishwasher door liners, dryer ventilation pipes, iifreyimu zoomatshini bokuhlamba kunye nezigqubuthelo, iilayini zeengcango zefriji, njl.njl.), Impahla yemihla ngemihla yoMthengi (ingca). kunye nezixhobo zasegadini ezifana nezitshizi zengca nezitshizi, njl. njl.).
Ukubumba isitofu yeyona marike inkulu yesibini yee-homopolymers zePP, kubandakanya nezikhongozeli, ukuvalwa, usetyenziso lweemoto, iimpahla zasekhaya, iithoyi kunye nokunye okuninzi kokusetyenziswa kwabathengi kunye nemizi-mveliso.
(9).PA (nayiloni)
1. Ukusebenza kwePA
I-PA ikwayiplastiki eyikristale (inayiloni yintlaka eqinileyo ye-angular okanye i-milky crystalline resin).Njengeplastiki yobunjineli, ubunzima bemolekyuli benayiloni ngokuqhelekileyo bungama-15,000-30,000, kwaye kukho iindidi ezininzi.Inayiloni 6 esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, inayiloni 66, kunye nenayiloni 1010 yokubumba inaliti, inayiloni 610, njl.
Inayiloni inokuqina, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuzithambisa, kwaye iingenelo zayo ikakhulu zinamandla omatshini aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ukumelana nokudinwa, indawo egudileyo, indawo yokuthambisa ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukungqubana okuphantsi, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukuzithambisa, ukufunxa ukothuka. Kwaye ukunciphisa ingxolo, ukuxhathisa i-oyile, ukuxhathisa i-asidi ebuthathaka, ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali kunye nokumelana ne-solvent jikelele, ukugquma kombane okulungileyo, ukuzicima, okungeyona ityhefu, ukuvumba, ukuxhathisa imozulu elungileyo.
Ukungalungi kukuba ukuxutywa kwamanzi kukhulu, kwaye ipropati yokudaya impofu, echaphazela ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kunye neempawu zombane.Ukuqiniswa kwefayibha kunokunciphisa izinga lokufunxa kwamanzi kwaye kwenze ukuba isebenze phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu.Inayiloni inobudlelwane obuhle kakhulu kunye nefiber yeglasi (inokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwi-100 ° C), ukumelana nokubola, ubunzima obulula kunye nokubumba okulula.Izinto ezingeloncedo eziphambili ze-PA zezi: kulula ukufunxa amanzi, iimfuno ezingqongqo zobuchwephesha bokubumba inaliti, kunye nozinzo olulambathayo.Ngenxa yobushushu bayo obukhulu, imveliso iyatshisa.
I-PA66 yeyona nto iphezulu yamandla omatshini kunye neyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-PA.I-crystallinity yayo iphezulu, ngoko ukuqina kwayo, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokushisa kuphezulu.I-PA1010 yaqala ukuyilwa kwilizwe lam ngo-1958, inobunzima obuguquguqukayo, obuncinci obuthile, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka, ukufunxa amanzi asezantsi kune-PA66, kunye nokuzinza okuthembekileyo komgangatho.
Phakathi kwenayiloni, inayiloni 66 inobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, kodwa obona bunzima kakhulu.Iinayiloni ezahlukeneyo zihlelwa ngokokuqina: PA66＜PA66/6＜PA6＜PA610＜PA11＜PA12
Ukutsha kwenylon yi-ULS44-2, isalathisi se-oksijini yi-24-28, iqondo lokushisa lokubola kwe-nylon yi-> 299 ℃, kunye nokutshisa okuzenzekelayo kuya kwenzeka kwi-449 ~ 499 ℃.Inayiloni inokunyibilika okulungileyo kokunyibilika, ngoko ubukhulu bodonga lwemveliso bunokuba buncinci njenge-1mm.
2. Iimpawu zenkqubo ye-PA
2.1.I-PA kulula ukufunxa ukufuma, ngoko kufuneka yomiswe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe, kwaye umxholo wokufuma kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.3%.Izinto ezikrwada zomiswe kakuhle kwaye iglosi yemveliso iphezulu, kungenjalo iya kuba rhabaxa, kwaye i-PA ayiyi kuthamba ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kobushushu bokufudumala, kodwa iya kuthamba kuluhlu lobushushu obumxinwa kufutshane nendawo yokunyibilika.Ukuhamba kwenzeka (kwahlukileyo kwi-PS, PE, PP, njl.).
I-viscosity ye-PA iphantsi kakhulu kunezinye i-thermoplastics, kwaye uluhlu lwalo lobushushu obunyibilikayo bumxinwa (kuphela malunga ne-5 ℃).I-PA ine-fluidity elungileyo, kulula ukuyizalisa kunye nefom, kwaye kulula ukuyisusa.I-nozzle ixhomekeke "kwi-salivation", kwaye iglue kufuneka ibe nkulu.
I-PA inendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokukhenkceza.Izinto ezityhidiweyo kwi-mold ziya kuqiniswa nanini na kuba izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuncibilika, ethintela ukugqitywa kokubumba ukuzaliswa.Ke ngoko, inaliti enesantya esiphezulu kufuneka isetyenziswe (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinodonga olubhityileyo okanye oluhamba ixesha elide).Imibumbo yenayiloni kufuneka ibe nemilinganiselo eyaneleyo yokukhupha.
Kwimeko etyhidiweyo, i-PA inozinzo olubi lwe-thermal kwaye kulula ukuthotywa.Ukushisa kombhobho akufanele kudlule i-300 ° C, kwaye ixesha lokufudumala kwezinto ezityhidiweyo kwi-barrel akufanele zidlule imizuzu engama-30.I-PA ineemfuno eziphezulu kwiqondo lokushisa lokubumba, kwaye i-crystallinity inokulawulwa ngubushushu bokubumba ukufumana ukusebenza okufunekayo.
Iqondo lokushisa lokubumba lezinto ze-PA likhethwa ukuba libe ngu-50-90 ° C, ukushisa kwe-PA1010 kulungele i-220-240 ° C, kunye nokushisa kwe-PA66 yi-270-290 ° C.Iimveliso ze-PA ngamanye amaxesha zifuna "unyango lwe-annealing" okanye "unyango lokulungiswa kokufuma" ngokweemfuno zomgangatho.
2.2.PA12 Phambi kokuba kusetyenzwe i-polyamide 12 okanye inayiloni 12, ukufuma kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1%.Ukuba izinto zigcinwe zibonakaliswe emoyeni, kucetyiswa ukuba zome emoyeni oshushu kwi-85C kwiiyure ze-4 ~ 5.Ukuba izinto zigcinwe kwisitya esingenawo umoya, sinokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza emva kweeyure ezi-3 zokulinganisa ubushushu.Ubushushu obunyibilikayo bungama-240 ~ 300C;kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, akufanele zidlule i-310C, kunye nezixhobo ezineempawu zokunqanda ilangatye, akufanele zidlule i-270C.
Ubushushu be-Mold: 30 ~ 40C kwizinto ezingaqiniswanga, i-80 ~ 90C ye-thin-walled or big area components, kunye ne-90 ~ 100C kwizinto eziqinisiweyo.Ukwandisa iqondo lokushisa kuya kwandisa i-crystallinity yezinto eziphathekayo.Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu bokubumba lubalulekile kwi-PA12.Uxinzelelo lwe-injection: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000bar (uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokubamba kunye nobushushu obunyibilikayo obuphezulu kuyacetyiswa).Isantya sokutofa: isantya esiphezulu (ngcono kwizinto ezinezongezo zeglasi).
Umgijimi kunye nesango: Kwizinto ezingenazo izongezo, ububanzi bomgijimi kufuneka bube malunga ne-30mm ngenxa ye-viscosity ephantsi yezinto.Kwizinto eziqinisiweyo, umgijimi omkhulu we-5 ~ 8mm uyafuneka.Imilo yembaleki kufuneka yonke ibe setyhula.Indawo yokutofa kufuneka ibemfutshane kangangoko.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamasango zinokusetyenziswa.Ungasebenzisi amasango amancinci kumacandelo amakhulu eplastiki, oku kukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa okugqithisileyo okanye ukuncipha okugqithiseleyo kwiindawo zeplastiki.Ubunzima besango bukhethwa ngokulinganayo nobukhulu benxalenye yeplastiki.Ukuba usebenzisa isango eliphantsi kwamanzi, ubuncinane be-diameter eyi-0.8mm iyacetyiswa.Imibumbo yembaleki eshushu iyasebenza, kodwa ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu ukunqanda ukuba izinto zingavuzi okanye ziqiniswe kumbhobho.Ukuba kusetyenziswe umgijimi oshushu, ubungakanani besango kufuneka bube buncinci kunelo lembaleki ebandayo.
I-2.3.PA6 I-Polyamide 6 okanye i-Nylon 6: Ekubeni i-PA6 inokuthatha kalula umswakama, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukomisa ngaphambi kokucubungula.Ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinikezelwa ngokupakishwa kwamanzi, isitya kufuneka sigcinwe sivaliwe ngokuqinileyo.Ukuba ukufuma kungaphezulu kwe-0.2%, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wome emoyeni oshushu ngaphezu kwe-80C iiyure eziyi-16.Ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zibonakaliswe emoyeni ngaphezu kweeyure ze-8, ukomisa i-vacuum kwi-105C ngaphezu kweeyure ze-8 kucetyiswa.
Ubushushu obunyibilikayo: 230 ~ 280C, 250 ~ 280C kwiintlobo eziqinisiweyo.Ubushushu bomngundo: 80~90C.Ubushushu bomngundo buchaphazela kakhulu ubukristale, nto leyo echaphazela iipropathi zoomatshini zamalungu eplastiki.I-Crystallinity ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zesakhiwo, ngoko ke ubushushu bokubumba obucetyiswayo yi-80 ~ 90C.
Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okungunda nawo ayacetyiswa kwiindawo zeplastiki ezinodonga olucekethekileyo, ezisebenza ixesha elide.Ukwandisa ubushushu bokubumba kunokunyusa amandla kunye nokuqina kwenxalenye yeplastiki, kodwa kunciphisa ukuqina.Ukuba ubukhulu bodonga bukhulu kune-3mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-mold ephantsi yokushisa kwe-20 ~ 40C.Ukuqiniswa kweglasi, ubushushu bokubumba kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-80C.Uxinzelelo lwe-injection: ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-750 ~ 1250bar (kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo lwemveliso).
Isantya se-injection: isantya esiphezulu (esezantsi kancinci kwizinto eziqinisiweyo).Abagijimi kunye namasango: Ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokuqinisa i-PA6, indawo yesango ibaluleke kakhulu.Ububanzi besango akufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 * t (apha t ubukhulu becala leplastiki).Ukuba kusetyenziswe umgijimi oshushu, ubungakanani besango kufuneka bube buncinci kunabagijimi abaqhelekileyo, njengoko umgijimi oshushu unokunceda ukukhusela ukuqina kwangaphambili kwezinto.Ukuba isango eliphantsi kwamanzi lisetyenzisiwe, ubuncinane besango lesango kufuneka libe yi-0.75mm.
2.4.PA66 I-Polyamide 66 okanye iNylon 66 Ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zivaliwe ngaphambi kokucubungula, ngokomisa akudingekile.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-container yokugcina ivuliwe, ukomisa emoyeni oshushu kwi-85C kuyacetyiswa.Ukuba ukufuma kungaphezulu kwe-0.2%, kufuneka ukomiswe ngevacuum kwi-105C ngeeyure eziyi-12.
Ubushushu obunyibilikayo: 260 ~ 290C.Imveliso yokongeza iglasi yi275~280C.Ubushushu bokunyibilika kufuneka buthintelwe ngaphezulu kwama-300C.Iqondo lobushushu lokungunda: 80C liyacetyiswa.Ukushisa kwe-Mold kuya kuchaphazela i-crystallinity, kwaye i-crystallinity iya kuchaphazela iipropati ezibonakalayo zemveliso.
Kwiindawo zeplastiki ezinodonga oluncinci, ukuba iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-40C lisetyenzisiweyo, i-crystallinity yamacandelo eplastiki iya kutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwejometri yeengxenye zeplastiki, unyango lwe-anneal luyafuneka.Uxinzelelo lwe-injection: ngokuqhelekileyo i-750 ~ 1250bar, kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo lwemveliso.Isantya se-injection: isantya esiphezulu (esezantsi kancinci kwizinto eziqinisiweyo).
Abagijimi kunye namasango: Ekubeni ixesha lokuqinisa i-PA66 lifutshane kakhulu, indawo yesango ibaluleke kakhulu.Ububanzi besango akufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 * t (apha t ubukhulu becala leplastiki).Ukuba kusetyenziswe umgijimi oshushu, ubungakanani besango kufuneka bube buncinci kunabagijimi abaqhelekileyo, njengoko umgijimi oshushu unokunceda ukukhusela ukuqina kwangaphambili kwezinto.Ukuba isango eliphantsi kwamanzi lisetyenzisiwe, ubuncinane besango lesango kufuneka libe yi-0.75mm.
3. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwesicelo:
3.1.I-PA12 Polyamide 12 okanye iNylon 12 Izicelo: Iimitha zamanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo zorhwebo, imikhono yentambo, iikhamera zomatshini, iindlela zokuslayida kunye neebheringi, njl.
3.2.I-PA6 Polyamide 6 okanye iNylon 6 Isicelo: Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zesakhiwo ngenxa yamandla ayo omatshini kunye nokuqina kwayo.Ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kakuhle, ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iibheringi.
3.3.I-PA66 Polyamide 66 okanye iNylon 66 Isicelo: Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PA6, i-PA66 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini leemoto, izindlu zezixhobo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifuna ukuchasana kwempembelelo kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu.
Ukuqhubeka, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi.I-Baiyear ngumzi-mveliso omkhulu oqukayo odibanisa ukwenziwa komngundo weplastiki, ukubumba inaliti kunye nokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi.Okanye unokuqhubeka nokunikela ingqalelo kwiziko leendaba lewebhusayithi yethu esemthethweni: www.baidasy.com, siya kuqhubeka nokuhlaziya iindaba zolwazi ezinxulumene neshishini lokulungisa inaliti.
Qhagamshelana:Andy Yang
What's app : +86 13968705428
Email: Andy@baidasy.com
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2022
